CVE-2026-48522CWE-441CWE-918

PyJWKClient: missing scheme allowlist enables SSRF + token forgery via file://, ftp://, data: schemes

Medium · published May 28, 2026

CVSS v3.1
4.2
EPSS
0%
Percentile
11.7
In the wild
Unconfirmed
What it is

PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. Prior to 2.13.0, PyJWKClient passes its uri argument directly to urllib.request.urlopen() which uses Python stdlib's default OpenerDirector registering HTTPHandler, HTTPSHandler, FTPHandler, FileHandler, and DataHandler. There is currently no documented option to restrict which schemes PyJWKClient will fetch. If an application's jku URL ingestion path accepts attacker-influenced URLs (e.g., from JWT header, configuration file, OAuth flow parameter), the attacker can cause PyJWKClient to read arbitrary local files via file:// (SSRF on local filesystem), cause PyJWKClient to attempt FTP / data-URI fetches (broader SSRF surface), or forge tokens that PyJWT verifies as valid. The library does not directly return non-HTTP(S) URI contents to the attacker; the chained "plant a JWKS to forge tokens" scenario described in the original report requires additional application-layer flaws (attacker write access to a filesystem path, untrusted jku derivation) that this fix does not address. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.

The record
Technical detail
CVSS v3.1
4.2 · MEDIUM
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVSS v4.0
Not supplied
EPSS
0.00220 · 11.7th percentile
Weaknesses
CWE-441 · Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy'); CWE-918 · Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Published
2026-05-28T15:00Z
EPSS history
Timeline
  • 28 MAY 15:00Z
    PyJWKClient: missing scheme allowlist enables SSRF + token forgery via file://, ftp://, data: schemes
    cvelistv5