CVE-2025-65855CWE-319CWE-494CWE-798hardcoded-credentials

CVE-2025-65855

Medium · published December 17, 2025

CVSS v3.1
6.6
EPSS
0%
Percentile
1.0
In the wild
Unconfirmed
What it is

The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.

The record
Technical detail
CVSS v3.1
6.6 · MEDIUM
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS v4.0
Not supplied
EPSS
0.00104 · 1.0th percentile
Weaknesses
CWE-319 · Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information; CWE-494 · Download of Code Without Integrity Check; CWE-798 · Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Published
2025-12-17T22:15Z
Affected products (1)
ProductVersionsFixed in
netun/helpflash_iot_firmwareall versions—
References (2)
https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/ · [email protected]https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/ · [email protected]
EPSS history
Timeline
  • 17 DEC 00:00Z
    The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across…
    cvelistv5