CVE-2025-40209

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: fix memory leak of qgroup_list in btrfs_add_qgroup_relation

When btrfs_add_qgroup_relation() is called with invalid qgroup levels

(src >= dst), the function returns -EINVAL directly without freeing the

preallocated qgroup_list structure passed by the caller. This causes a

memory leak because the caller unconditionally sets the pointer to NULL

after the call, preventing any cleanup.

The issue occurs because the level validation check happens before the

mutex is acquired and before any error handling path that would free

the prealloc pointer. On this early return, the cleanup code at the

'out' label (which includes kfree(prealloc)) is never reached.

In btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_assign(), the code pattern is:

prealloc = kzalloc(sizeof(*prealloc), GFP_KERNEL);

ret = btrfs_add_qgroup_relation(trans, sa->src, sa->dst, prealloc);

prealloc = NULL; // Always set to NULL regardless of return value

...

kfree(prealloc); // This becomes kfree(NULL), does nothing

When the level check fails, 'prealloc' is never freed by either the

callee or the caller, resulting in a 64-byte memory leak per failed

operation. This can be triggered repeatedly by an unprivileged user

with access to a writable btrfs mount, potentially exhausting kernel

memory.

Fix this by freeing prealloc before the early return, ensuring prealloc

is always freed on all error paths.