CVE-2025-12044CWE-770denial-of-service

CVE-2025-12044

High · published October 24, 2025

CVSS v3.1
7.5
EPSS
1%
Percentile
44.0
In the wild
Unconfirmed
What it is

🚨 A sneaky JSON payload could bring your Vault to its knees! 😱 Think of it like a buffet line where a few guests fill their plates with too much food, blocking everyone else from getting a bite — that's what this vulnerability does to Vault's processing capabilities! An attacker could overwhelm the system with unauthenticated requests, causing a denial of service that prevents legitimate users from accessing critical data. Imagine your entire team unable to access their vaults because of a single heavy-handed request — absolutely devastating!

Put simply

Think of it like a buffet line where a few guests fill their plates with too much food, blocking everyone else from getting a bite — that's what this vulnerability does to Vault's processing capabilities! This vulnerability arises from a regression in a previous fix that failed to apply rate limits while processing complex JSON payloads, allowing malicious payloads to trigger denial of service conditions.

What to do

An attacker could overwhelm the system with unauthenticated requests, causing a denial of service that prevents legitimate users from accessing critical data. Imagine your entire team unable to access their vaults because of a single heavy-handed request — absolutely devastating! To safeguard your Vault, update to Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 or Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, or 1.20.5 immediately. Additionally, review your rate limiting settings to ensure they’re properly configured. You've got this! With the right updates, you can keep your Vault secure and operational! 🛡️

The record
Technical detail
CVSS v3.1
7.5 · HIGH
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVSS v4.0
Not supplied
EPSS
0.00531 · 44.0th percentile
Weakness
CWE-770 · Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Published
2025-10-24T00:15Z
Affected products (5)
ProductVersionsFixed in
hashicorp/vault≥ 1.16.25, < 1.16.271.16.27
hashicorp/vault≥ 1.18.14, ≤ 1.18.15—
hashicorp/vault≥ 1.19.9, ≤ 1.19.11—
hashicorp/vault≥ 1.20.3, < 1.20.51.20.5
hashicorp/vault≥ 1.20.3, < 1.21.01.21.0
References (1)
EPSS history
Timeline
  • 23 OCT 19:15Z
    Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression
    cvelistv5